Sunday, 1 January 2023

Year-End Review: The Good, Bad & Ugly of the Biden Administration in 2022

Year-End Review: The Good, Bad & Ugly of the Biden Administration in 2022

Year-End Review: The Good, Bad & Ugly of the Biden Administration in 2022




A law enforcement officer escorted US basketball star Brittney Griner before a preliminary hearing ahead of her trial in Khimki, outside Moscow, Russia
© Sputnik / Alexey Filippov / Go to the mediabank






As the year comes to a close, it is worth looking back at 2022 - but more specifically, the good, the bad, and the ugly of US President Joe Biden’s second year in office.







The good and bad are self-explanatory - dedicated to the wins and losses of the Biden White House. The ugly outlines matters that cannot be considered a total loss since the administration intended to do it but that shouldn’t be classified as a win because they were unpopular, went against previous promises, or put the world in danger.


Let’s start with the good, because the Democrats and the Biden administration did manage to pull out some surprising wins in the past year.



The Good



Democrats Maintain Senate Control, Limit Damage in House



Over the summer, Democrats looked like they were about to take a beating in the midterms. Typically, the party that controls the White House suffers in midterm elections and Biden’s approval rating in the summer was at historic lows.


But a few legislative wins (more on that later) and a base motivated by the repeal of Roe v Wade resulted in Democrats performing better than expected in the midterm elections. Democrats held onto control of the Senate and even added a seat to their ranks, a significant feat since the Senate is in charge of approving appointments, effectively making Biden’s job far easier.







Unlike the upper chamber, Republicans took control of the House of Representatives; however, the win only gave the GOP a razor thin advantage in the lower chamber. And yet, however slight the gains were, Republicans are already riddled with headaches as the party fails to get behind one candidate for the House speaker post.



Respect for Marriage Act



Turning out to be a bit of a layup for Democrats, the Respect for Marriage Act officially repealed the Defense of Marriage Act, which was already off the books due to a 2015 Supreme Court decision on Obergefell v. Hodges that legalized same-sex marriages nationwide.


However, Supreme Court Justice Clarence Thomas stated the high court should reconsider cases like the Obergefell v. Hodges while writing for the majority in the Dobbs v Jackson Women’s Health Organization case that repealed Roe v. Wade.


The development subsequently encouraged Congress to push the Respect for Marriage Act forward, enshrining the protections afforded by Obergefell v. Hodges. The bill was supported by members of both parties, with 39 Republican Representatives and 12 Republican senators voting for the bill, a rare act of bipartisanship in Congress.









Biden’s Supreme Court Pick Confirmed



The Biden administration got a rare first half of the year win when his first Supreme Court nomination, Ketanji Brown Jackson, was confirmed without much pushback.


During his presidential campaign, Biden promised to nominate an African American woman for his first Supreme Court pick, and with the nomination and confirmation of Jackson, he fulfilled that promise.


While the court appointment did not affect the political balance of the Supreme Court, it did prevent the bench from leaning further to the right as Jackson was replacing fellow liberal-leaning Justice Stephen Breyer.



Inflation Reduction Act



And then there was the Inflation Reduction Act, one of the legislative wins credited for helping Democrats perform better than expected during the November midterms. While the legislation failed to immediately curb inflation, and the Congressional Budget Office predicted the bill would not significantly reduce prices, the measure represented a rare legislative win for Biden’s domestic agenda.


The bill extended the Affordable Care Act subsidies for another year, put a 15% minimum corporate tax rate on companies with more than $1 billion in income, and placed a 1% excise tax on stock buybacks, all of which are extremely popular policies with American voters.









The Inflation Reduction Act also capped prescription drug prices and allowed Medicare to negotiate with drug manufacturers; however, those policies, which are also popular with the voting public, won’t take effect until 2025.

Brittney Griner/Viktor Bout Prisoner Swap



When WNBA star Brittney Griner was arrested in Russia for possession of cannabis and sentenced to nine years in prison, it quickly became a political headache for the Biden administration.


In July, Griner’s wife, Cherelle Griner, said Biden had not responded to a handwritten letter by the imprisoned basketball star, and claimed the US government was not “doing anything” to secure the athlete's release.


After months of negotiations, the Biden administration finally secured her release in late November by trading Viktor Bout, who the United States claims is an illegal arms dealer, in a prisoner swap.







Although folks hailed Griner's US return, the prisoner swap was met with unease by many who questioned why the Biden White House failed to secure the release of US Marine Paul Whelan, who was arrested for espionage in Russia in 2018.



The Bad



It was not all victories for the Biden administration in 2022, and Biden’s summer approval ratings proved to be a clear indication of that development.



Roe v. Wade Overturned



While Democrats were in control of the White House and both chambers of Congress, the Supreme Court overruled Roe v. Wade in the Dobbs v. Jackson Women’s Health Organization case, ending federal abortion protections after nearly 50 years on the books.


Democrats were given forewarning of the decision after it was leaked months before the official decision, but still failed to even put forth legislation that would have protected abortion rights.


This was actually the second time Democrats failed to codify abortion rights while holding Congress and the White House. The Obama administration, when Biden served as vice president, held a filibuster-proof majority in 2009, but Obama had said codifying Roe was “not a priority” and focused on the Affordable Care Act







Thirteen years later, the second presidential administration that included Biden, oversaw the destruction of those very same rights.


The repeal did help Democrats secure a better-than-expected performance in the midterms by motivating the Democrats’ base, but failing to protect abortion rights, a cornerstone of the Democratic platform, cannot be classified as anything but a major defeat.



Inflation at 40-Year High



While the rate of inflation eased somewhat in the last months of 2022, it remains dangerously high and a top issue for voters. A poll taken a week before the midterms showed it was a top priority, with 36% of respondents saying it was their top concern. Abortion came in second at 10%.


While the Biden administration has pointed to low unemployment numbers and a growing GDP figure as signals the economy is doing well, the experience for everyday Americans has been different and inflation seems to be at the heart of that disconnect.


Even after a post-midterm bump, US adults are still pessimistic about the economy.


A December CNN poll revealed more than half, 53%, of Americans believe the economy is moving in the wrong direction, compared to just 17% who say it is getting better. Worse still, a whopping 93% of polled adults say they are at least somewhat worried about the US cost of living.








Title 42 Gets Saved by Supreme Court



The pandemic-era, Trump-created Title 42 rule allowed for the quick expulsion of asylum seekers at the US border. To date, the Biden administration has had no success in stopping the rule’s enforcement since the early days of 2022.


In fact, the Supreme Court ruled on Tuesday that Title 42 should remain in place until it can hear arguments in February, giving the mostly Republican-controlled states that have been fighting for it to remain in place a significant, albeit temporary, end-of-the-year victory over the Biden administration.


The ruling, which came down in a 5-4 vote, was slammed by Conservative Justice Neil Gorsuch, who underscored in his dissent that "the current border crisis is not a COVID crisis."


"Courts should not be in the business of perpetuating administrative edicts designed for one emergency only because elected officials have failed to address a different emergency," Gorsuch wrote. "We are a court of law, not policymakers of last resort."


The controversial legislation allows the federal government to enact emergency actions in order to keep illnesses from spreading stateside, such as SARS-CoV-2, the virus that causes COVID-19. With over 2 million expelled under the policy, Republican lawmakers have used the measure to clamp down on entries from the US-Mexico border.








Student Loan Forgiveness



This may end up being an early 2023 victory for the Biden administration, but as it stands now, Biden’s Student Loan Forgiveness executive order has been halted by the courts as the program deals with various legal challenges.


Of late, the order has gone all the way to the Supreme Court, which has so far shown a trend to favor conservative viewpoints. If they rule against the program, what seemed like a major turning point for the Biden administration will instead become an embarrassing defeat.


Biden long promised to address student loan debt during his presidential campaign, and if he fails to do that by the 2024 election, voters may blame the administration for failing to deliver another campaign promise.



COVID Rages On



COVID nearly made the ugly category, because it is not clear the current situation isn’t satisfactory in the eyes of the Biden administration. While pandemic-era lockdowns and vaccine mandates look to be a thing of the past, US citizens are still dying from COVID at an alarming pace.







Weekly COVID deaths remain in the thousands and there is seemingly no end in sight. Meanwhile, the Biden White House has largely ignored the problem, declining to reinstate significant COVID prevention measures.


In 2021, Biden declared the vaccine would prevent COVID infection and deaths, but that has not turned out to be the case.


“You’re not going to get COVID if you have these vaccinations,” Biden said in early 2021. “If you’re vaccinated, you’re not going to be hospitalized, you’re not going to be in the ICU unit, and you are not going to die.”


As of August 2022, only 42% of people who died from COVID were unvaccinated. That does not mean the vaccines are completely useless, there are more vaccinated adults than there are not, but Biden’s assertion in 2021 that the vaccine - and the vaccine alone - was enough to prevent COVID, proved to be misguided at best.


To top it off, the Biden administration announced in August that federal funding for COVID vaccines, treatments, and tests will be ending in January 2023. This, after Biden and first lady Jill Biden tested positive for COVID in July and August, respectively. The following month also saw the commander-in-chief declare that the "pandemic is over," much to the chagrin of health authorities.







While ending federal funding for COVID, the Biden administration did institute a Trump-like rule on Wednesday, requiring negative COVID tests for travelers arriving from China, despite the pandemic continuing to spread inside the United States unchecked.



The Ugly



Intentional actions cannot be considered losses for the Biden administration, even if their results are a loss for the rest of us. Here are the ugliest actions intentionally taken by the Biden camp in 2022:



Biden’s Not-So-Secret Affair With Saudi Arabia



During the 2020 presidential Democratic primary debates, Biden promised to hold the Saudi government accountable for both the murder of Washington Post journalist Jamal Khashoggi and for the country’s brutal war in Yemen. He not only neglected to do that over the past two years, in 2022 he went in the opposite direction.


The “fist-bump heard around the world” got significant attention for a relatively silly controversy but it foretold future concessions from the Biden administration.







In August, the Biden administration approved a $3 billion weapons deal with Saudi Arabia. During his presidential campaign, Biden promised to “end the sale of material to the Saudis where they’re going in and murdering children,” and promised to make the country a “pariah” in the international community.


When Sen. Bernie Sanders (I-VT) said he was going to introduce a War Powers Resolution Act to force the White House's hand in Saudi Arabia in regards to Yemen, Biden promised to veto the bill if it passed Congress, signaling his support for Saudi Arabia was here to stay.


He also promised to make the Saudi Government “pay the price” for Khashoggi’s murder, but in November, the State Department filed a court brief recommending Saudi Crown Prince Mohammed bin Salman be given immunity in the case as a head of state. Khashoggi’s fiancee, Hatice Cengiz, called the decision a betrayal.


“If even the United States will not serve to bring criminals to justice, who will? Biden betrayed his own word. He has used 'democracy and human rights' as words or slogans everywhere. But [there's] not real action on it.”







In early December, a federal court threw out the lawsuit Cengiz brought against bin Salman and 28 others, citing the State Department’s brief.



Breaking the Railroad Strike



Biden repeatedly promised to be “the most pro-union” president in American history, but that assertion was tested when faced with a railroad workers' strike. If the railroad strike had gone forward, it would have cost the economy $2 billion a year, according to the pro-management Association of American Railroads.


The main sticking point in labor negotiations was paid sick leave: the workers had none. The Biden administration stepped in during the summer and mediated a deal that did not include paid sick leave. The union rank-and-file members of the largest unions rejected the deal, setting up a possible strike.


However, the Biden administration couldn't have that and, working alongside members of Congress, utilized the Railway Labor Act of 1926 to prevent a rail workers' strike, effectively forcing workers to take the deal they were given.


In an attempt to lessen the PR blowback, Democrats put forth a bill that would have given railroad workers seven paid sick days, roughly half of what workers were asking for, but decoupled that from the bill that ended the strike.







The result was as predictable as it was cynical: the bill blocking the strike passed while the bill ensuring sick leave for workers was rejected by the Senate. "Joe relied on us to get him home to his family," roadway mechanic Reece Murtagh told NPR at the time, remembering Biden’s penchant for taking Amtrak as a Delaware senator. "But when it was his turn to help us out... to better our life, he turned his back on us."



Trading Global Stability for Weapons Manufacturer Profits



Regardless of how one feels about Russia’s special military operation, the fact it happened at all should be seen as a major loss for the Biden administration. The conflict has cost thousands of lives and tens, if not hundreds, of billions in treasure for the United States and other NATO countries.


It should be considered a loss, but it is going in the ugly category because for a small subset of people, many of them donors to the Biden campaign and members of his cabinet, the conflict has been extremely profitable.


Raytheon, General Dynamics, Lockheed Martin, and other war profiteers have received billions in contracts related to funding the Ukrainian military.


Since December 2021, Raytheon’s stock price is up more than 15%, General Dynamics is up more than 18.4%, and Lockheed Martin is up an eye-watering 35.9%. All nice profits for companies that combined donated $4,956,901 to Democratic causes during the 2020 election cycle, including more than $1.2 million to the Biden campaign.







The leaching is not limited to weapon manufacturers, however. On Wednesday, BlackRock CEO Larry Fink announced a deal for the financial management company to oversee investments into the reconstruction of Ukraine.


That shouldn’t come as a surprise for those paying attention to Biden’s cabinet, which is filled with former Blackwater executives.


Former Blackrock global chief investment strategist Michael Pyle was appointed as Vice President Kamala Harris’ chief economist in January last year, despite not being an actual economist. He was joined by former managing director Eric Van Nostrand who joined the Treasury Department in August of this year.


Both of them were preceded by Biden’s initial cabinet picks, which included no less than two former Blackrock executives.


Nuclear war with Russia was not the only thing the Biden administration was willing to risk to increase the stock price of war profiteers. The administration has been saber-rattling in China. Earlier, House Speaker Nancy Pelosi (D-CA) angered Beijing over the summer by visiting Taipei, greatly increasing tensions in the area.


The profits from that potential conflict are already rolling in: the latest defense bill includes $10 billion in military aid for Taiwan, which is sure to provide a nice profit for the companies producing those weapons.


With that backdrop, the conflict in Ukraine and escalating tensions with China take on a new light and may be exactly what the Biden administration intended. Unfortunately, it puts the whole world at risk.


Russian President Vladimir Putin Delivers New Year Address to the Nation

Russian President Vladimir Putin Delivers New Year Address to the Nation

Russian President Vladimir Putin Delivers New Year Address to the Nation










The Russian leader recorded his traditional end-of-year speech, wishing happy holidays to his compatriots and listing the most important changes and challenges that the country faced in 2022.







Dear citizens of Russia! Dear friends!


2022 draws to a close. It was a year of difficult but necessary decisions and important steps towards attaining full sovereignty for Russia and consolidating Russian society.


It was a year that put many things in place. It separated bravery and heroism from treachery and cowardice.


It showed that there is no greater force than love for your family, loyalty to your friends, comrades and to your motherland. It was a year of truly pivotal, fateful events that lay the foundations of our collective future, of our true independence.


This is what we are fighting for today. We defend our people who live on our historic lands as new regions of the Russian Federation. We build and create together. The fate of Russia is what matters the most.







The defense of our motherland is our sacred duty to our forefathers and ancestors.


Moral and historic correctness is on our side.


The outgoing year brought massive fundamental changes for our country and for the world. It was full of upheavals, worries and turmoil.


People walk down the stairs at the Savur-Mogyla war memorial complex with a bas-relief of Vladimir Zhoga, leader of the Sparta Battalion rebel military group in the Donetsk People's Republic (DPR), seen in the background, as Russia's military operation in Ukraine continues, near the city of Snezhnoe, Donetsk People's Republic
©Sputnik // Go to the mediabank


But just like during all the troubled times in Russia’s history, our multinational people showed bravery and supported the defenders of the motherland, our soldiers and officers, all participants of the special military operation, with words and actions.


We have always known, and today we once again confirm it, that the sovereign, independent future of Russia depends on us, on our strength and our will.







For years, western elites hypocritically assured us that their intentions are peaceful, including their attempts to resolve the difficult conflict in Donbass.


Meanwhile, they encouraged the neo-Nazis who continued to perpetrate military and openly terrorist actions against the civilians in the people’s republics of Donbass.


The West lied about peace while preparing for aggression, and today, it openly admits it.


The West cynically uses Ukraine and its people to weaken and divide Russia. But we never have and never will allow anyone to do that.


Russian soldiers, militiamen and volunteers now fight for their native land, for truth and justice, for ensuring the guarantees of peace and safety for Russia.








All of them are our heroes. Their lot is the hardest today.


I sincerely wish a happy New Year to all participants of the special military operation: those who are here with me today; those who are at the frontline and those who undergo training before heading into battle; those who are having their injuries treated at hospitals and those who already returned home after fulfilling their duty; everyone who is on standby duty at the strategic military units, and all personnel of the Russian Armed Forces.


Russian serviceman is seen in the southern sector in the course of Russia's military operation in Ukraine, at the unknown location
©Sputnik / Alexey Maishev / Go to the mediabank


Dear comrades, thank you for your valiant service.


All our vast country is proud of your resilience, bravery and willpower. Millions of people are with you in heart and spirit.


And during the New Year's Eve celebrations, toasts will be raised in your honor.







Many thanks to all those who help our soldiers in the field: to drivers and train operators who transport supplies to the front, to doctors and medics who treat wounded soldiers and civilians.


I thank the workers and engineers of our armament factories and other industrial facilities who work tirelessly, and the construction workers who erect civilian structures and defensive positions and help rebuild the ruined cities and villages of Donbass and Novorossya.


Dear friends!


Since the events in Crimea in 2014, Russia lives under western sanctions. But this year, a veritable sanctions war was declared upon us.


Those who initiated this war expected a total collapse of our industry, finances and transport. But that did not happen because of the "safety margin" that all of us helped create together.


Everything we did and everything we do in that area is aimed at reinforcing our sovereignty in the most important sphere – the economy.







And our fight for ourselves, for our interests and for our future certainly serves as an inspiring example for other countries in their aspirations towards a just, multipolar world order.


I believe it is important that in the outgoing year, qualities like mercy, solidarity and compassion became especially significant among our people.


A Russian serviceman guards the area of Mariupol, Donetsk People's Republic.
© Sputnik / Maxim Blinov / Go to the mediabank


More and more people feel the urge to help others. They unite voluntarily, without any formal directives.







I want to thank you for your attentiveness, responsibility and kind-heartedness, for how you, people of different ages and levels of well-being, actively join the common cause. For how you set up warehouses and secure transport to deliver shipments to our troops in the combat zone, to the suffering residents of cities and villages there.


For how you help organize vacations for the children from the newest regions of the Russian Federation.


You, my dear, provide tremendous support for the families of the fallen soldiers. They gave up their lives while protecting others.


I understand how hard it is for their wives, sons, daughters and parents who raised true heroes.


We will do our utmost to help the families of our fallen comrades, to help raise their children and to give them decent education, to help them obtain a profession.







I sincerely share your pain and I ask you to accept my sincere words of support. Dear friends, even during the most difficult times our country celebrated the coming of a New Year.


It always remained our favorite holiday and it always had a magical ability to help people discover their best qualities, to multiply the importance of traditional family values, the energy of generosity, benevolence and trust.


While celebrating New Year's Eve, everyone seeks to make their kin happy, to give them attention and emotional warmth. To gift them what they always desired, to see delight in the eyes of the children and to feel the gratitude of our parents and our elders. They know how to treasure these nuggets of happiness.


A general view shows the St. Basil's Cathedral and the Kremlin's Spasskaya Tower on a sunny autumn day, in Moscow, Russia
©Sputnik / Alexei Danichev


Friends! This is the best moment to leave all personal grudges and misunderstandings in the past. To tell the people dearest to you of your feelings, of love, of how important it is to always care for one another.


Let these heartfelt words and noble feelings give us all the spiritual strength and confidence that we will overcome all obstacles and preserve our country as great and independent. We will go only forward and prevail for the sake of our families and for Russia, for the future of our only and beloved motherland.


Happy New Year to you, dear friends! Happy new 2023!


Russia's Special Military Operation in Ukraine: How It is Progressing - 30.12.2022

Russia's Special Military Operation in Ukraine: How It is Progressing - 30.12.2022

Russia's Special Military Operation in Ukraine: How It is Progressing - 30.12.2022







Saturday, 31 December 2022

Putin: Russia Won't Give Up Under Pressure, Must Fight

Putin: Russia Won't Give Up Under Pressure, Must Fight

Putin: Russia Won't Give Up Under Pressure, Must Fight




©Sputnik / Go to the mediabank






Russia does not yield to foreign pressure and will fight for its interests as long as it takes, President Vladimir Putin said on Saturday.







"Russia was simply put before this line. Either give it all up or fight. But as long as we have people like you and the guys who are next to you, of course, we can give up nothing. (We) must only fight. Only [go] forward. Carefully. Calmly," he said speaking with soldiers of the southern military district.


During his meeting with soldiers, Putin also noted that there is still much space for improvement, including development and production of loitering ammunition, precision weapons and means of communication.


Additionally, the president stated that armed combat was inevitable under present circumstances, however, the active support of the people was essential and Russia could not live without it. Putin also urged soldiers to take care of themselves, if possible.


Putin visited the headquarters of the Southern Military District this morning where he talked to commanders and presented banners to army corps, including from Donetsk and Lugansk, Kremlin spokesman Dmitry Peskov said, adding that the president also presented awards to servicemen who showed courage and heroism during the special military operation.









Putin Awards Commander of Russian Forces in Ukraine With High Military Award



Russian President Vladimir Putin on Saturday presented a state award to Sergei Surovikin, the general in charge of Russia's military operation in Ukraine.


©Sputnik / Mikhail Klimentyev / Go to the mediabank


Surovikin was awarded the Order of St. George, third class, for his courage, bravery and dedication. Mikhail Teplinsky, commander of the Russian Airborne Troops, also received a high military award from the Russian President.


On October 8, Russian Defense Minister Sergei Shoigu appointed Surovikin as the commander of the Russian Joint Group of Forces in the zone of a special military operation.


Russia launched its special military operation in Ukraine on February 24, following calls for help from the breakaway republics of Donetsk and Lugansk. In response, Western countries and their allies have rolled out a comprehensive sanctions campaign against Moscow and ramped up their financial and military support of Kiev.



Highlights of Putin's New Year's speech:



It is noted that last year was a year of important events that laid the foundation for Russia's future and independence.







He stated that the truth is on the side of Russia, which protects its people in its historical area.


I remind you that for years Western elites have been convinced of their peaceful intentions, including in Donbass, but are actually supporting neo-Nazis.


Thank you to the special ops participants for their grit and courage: millions of people are with you in heart and soul.


Express belief that Russia will overcome all difficulties, keep the country great and independent.









The Russian MoD’s briefing on the progress of the special military operation in Ukraine:



  • Russian Forces eliminated more than 50 Ukrainian servicemen, as well as destroyed two armored combat vehicles and three pick-up trucks near Kupyansk;


  • Russian servicemen eliminated up to 140 Ukrainian troops, as well as destroyed five tanks, seven armored combat vehicles and four pick-up trucks near Krasny Liman;


  • Russian troops eliminated more than 80 Ukrainian servicemen, as well as destroyed two armored carriers, four armored vehicles and three pick-up trucks near Donetsk;


  • The Russian Army eliminated up to 50 Ukrainian troops, as well as destroyed three infantry combat vehicles, two armored combat vehicles and five pick-up trucks in the Zaporozhye region;


  • Russian Forces hit 75 Ukrainian artillery units at their firing positions;


  • The Russian Army destroyed five US-made AN/TPQ- 50 radar stations in the DPR;


  • Russian troops destroyed two Ukrainian artillery ammunition depots in the DPR and in the Zaporozhye region;


  • Russian Forces destroyed four US-made M777 artillery systems in the DPR;


  • The Russian Army destroyed a Czech-made "Dana" self-propelled howitzer in the LPR;


  • Russian Air Forces shot down two Ukrainian Mi-8 helicopters in the DPR;


  • Russian air defenses destroyed Ukrainian UAVs

Scholar: USSR Would Still Exist Today, if Not for Gorbachev's Failed Reforms

Scholar: USSR Would Still Exist Today, if Not for Gorbachev's Failed Reforms

Scholar: USSR Would Still Exist Today, if Not for Gorbachev's Failed Reforms




©Sputnik / Sergey Kuznecov / Go to the mediabank






On December 30, 2022, the world marked the100th anniversary of the establishment of the Soviet Union. For some people, the first socialist state was the bane of their existence, while for others it was a glimmer of hope for a better future, an image of humankind united in peace and equality.







Sputnik discussed the ups and downs of the USSR with Geoffrey Roberts, professor of history at University College Cork, Ireland, a leading scholar on Soviet diplomatic and military history. The researcher elaborated on the main principles of the Soviet state and its deep impact on the global history.


Sputnik: The USSR was intended to be "a voluntary association of peoples with equal rights," one that would guarantee the "peaceful coexistence and fraternal cooperation of peoples" while serving as "a faithful bulwark against world capitalism." How did the formation of the USSR change world politics and diplomacy for the next 70 years?


Geoffrey Roberts: You have to remember that the USSR was formed with a view to the spread of revolution from Russia to other countries. The Bolsheviks expected other revolutionary states to join the USSR and that eventually there would be a global socialist federation that would replace the system of sovereign states.


The Russian revolution remained isolated but the Bolsheviks did not abandon their global socialist aspirations. They adapted to peaceful coexistence with the capitalist world but continued to support socialist movements in other countries.







The Bolsheviks were internationalist socialists. Frombeginning to end the USSR championed the struggle for peace and liberation from imperialist oppression.


For more than seven decades it stood as radical, socialist alternative to western capitalism.


Sputnik: What was absolutely new that the USSR managed to introduce, both for its own people and abroad?


Geoffrey Roberts: It was the world’s first socialist country, a system based on public ownership, state planning, social welfare and egalitarianism. It showed that such a system was not utopian but a practical possibility; indeed, at times the Soviet system threatened to economically outperform even the most advanced capitalist countries.


Certainly, the Bolsheviks succeeded in building a world industrial power, one that defeated Nazi Germany and then fought the United States to a standstill during the cold war. A system that created the military, economic, scientific, technical and cultural power that underpins the strength of contemporary Russia.







Of course, the Soviet socialist system was highly flawed: it was bureaucratic, repressive and often corrupt. One should never forget the millions of innocent people who fell victim to Stalin’s fanatical determination to defend communist power from those he saw as its enemies.


Even so, the USSR inspired a great deal of idealism and popular support throughout its existence. Tens of millions of people around the globe look back on Soviet socialism with nostalgia. Even those like me, who were socialist critics of system's authoritarianism and lack of democracy have to admit that it had many virtues as well as vices.


Sputnik: Do you believe the core idea of such a state was viable? Was it somehow ahead of its time?


Geoffrey Roberts: The USSR had two core ideas: socialism and multinationalism. This was a highly viable combination and the USSR would still exist today had it not been the destabilizing impact of Mikhail Gorbachev's economic and political reforms in the late 1980s. Gorbachev aimed to revitalize and democratize the Soviet system but his failed reforms opened the door to nationalists and liberals who wanted to collapse communism and fragment the multinational USSR.








As a multinational state, the USSR has been described as an 'affirmative action empire' – which sought to end Russian ethnic oppression and domination of minority nations and establish harmonious relations between the state’s different nations and ethnic groups.


As internationalists the Bolsheviks, were implacably opposed to nationalism – which they saw as a distraction from class struggle and progress towards communism. But they were willing to countenance and encourage cultural nationalism – the expression of national identity – as long as it didn't threaten communist party rule and was compatible with the values of socialism. At the same time, they sought to foster a common Soviet identity, a patriotism that encompassed people of all nations and ethnicities.


The disintegration of the USSR has served to obscure the success of the Bolsheviks and their communist successors in creating a common Soviet identity. Not long before the USSR collapsed, Gorbachev staged a referendum on the continuation of a multinational Soviet state – a goal that was endorsed by the great majority of voters.


Another measure of the deep roots of Soviet patriotism is its continuation in contemporary Russia. As a multinational state, the Russian Federation is the direct successor of the USSR – a Russia that is headed by a President – Vladimir Putin – who continues to promote citizenship and patriotism as the foundation of the system, albeit one that is also conservative and capitalist.







Sputnik: Was the collapse of the USSR inevitable?


Geoffrey Roberts: Not at all. It is probably true to say that by the early 1990s the Soviet communist system was doomed – the best prospect being its gradual replacement by a mixed economy similar to the social democracy of, say, Scandinavia.


The disintegration of the Soviet state system was another matter. The USSR didn't just fall apart; it was broken up by Boris Yeltsin and other local leaders who utilised local nationalist movements as part of their power grab. Interestingly, while Yeltsin unleashed the forces of Russian ethnic nationalism and then pursed the so-called shock economic therapy of the 1990s – the spirit of multinational Soviet patriotism prevailed in post-Soviet Russia.


It is one of the most striking features of the conduct of the Special Military Operation in Ukraine, though there are strong ultra-nationalist elements who would like the war to transform into some kind of nationalist-ethnic struggle.


Putin: West Uses Ukrainian People to Divide and Weaken Russia, We Won't Allow That

Putin: West Uses Ukrainian People to Divide and Weaken Russia, We Won't Allow That

Putin: West Uses Ukrainian People to Divide and Weaken Russia, We Won't Allow That




©Sputnik / Mikhail Klimentyev / Go to the mediabank






Russia has been conducting a special military operation in Ukraine since February 24.







Russian President Vladimir Putin has stated that Moscow will not allow the West to use Ukrainian people in order to weaken Russia.


“The West is using the people of Ukraine to split Russia and weaken it; we will never let it happen,” Putin said during his New Year address to the nation on Saturday.


He also stressed that “moral, historical rightness” is on Russia’s side.


The remarks come after the Russian president pointed out last week that Russia is open to a dialogue with all the sides on the peaceful settlement of the conflict in Ukraine, but that they have so far refused to negotiate.


"The policies of our geopolitical opponents, aimed at splitting up Russia, are at the roots of the Ukrainian conflict,” Putin said.







Referring to Moscow’s ongoing special operation in Ukraine, Putin underscored that Russia is doing the right thing there.


“I think we are acting in the right direction: we are protecting our national interests, the interests of our citizens, our people. And we just have no choice but to protect our citizens,” he said.


This was preceded by Putin emphasizing earlier this month that “the only real guarantor of Ukraine’s sovereignty and territorial integrity in its current borders could be Russia.”


The military operation Russia launched in Ukraine in February took place only because Moscow was left with no other option to resolve the crisis in Donbass, he added, noting how the ensuing situation was used to fan anti-Russian sentiment throughout the world.







Russia launched its special military operation in Ukraine on February 24, in order to defend the people of the Donbass republics, who had been suffering from Ukrainian attacks. Shortly afterwards, the Western countries started rolling out sanction packages against Russia and providing Kiev with military and financial aid. Moscow criticized the flow of weapons into Ukraine from Western nations, warning that it only aggravates the conflict.



Putin: Russia Doing Everything to End Ukraine Crisis, But Kiev Seeks to Reach Goals by Means of War



Russian President Vladimir Putin on Friday spoke with Indian Prime Minister Narendra Modi on the sidelines of the Shanghai Cooperation Organization (SCO) summit in Uzbekistan's city of Samarkand.


President Vladimir Putin told Prime Minister Narendra Modi that Russia is doing everything to end the Ukraine crisis as soon as possible, as the Russian and Indian leaders met on the sidelines of the Shanghai Cooperation Organization (SCO) summit in Uzbekistan's city of Samarkand.


"I know your position on the conflict in Ukraine…the concerns that you have repeatedly expressed... We will do everything to ensure that this all stops as quickly as possible… However, Kiev refuses negotiations,” Putin told Modi, adding that the Ukrainian government is intent on reaching its goals by means of war.








"Nevertheless, we will always keep you informed of what is happening there,” Vladimir Putin added.


Ahead of the meeting with Vladimir Putin, Narendra Modi described Russia as a critical energy partner and vowed to explore the "huge potential in this area that remains untapped."


Earlier this week, Russia's ambassador to India, Denis Alipov, said the two countries were "very motivated" to ensure that the defense cooperation between the two strategic partners is "uninterrupted" by the Ukraine crisis. He pointed to the fact that India has maintained its stance of neutrality on the ongoing crisis in Ukraine and has continued active trade and military cooperation with Russia, despite Western criticism.